How to change the default products ordering direction on the frontend product lists from ascending to descending?

Use the \Magento\Catalog\Block\Product\ProductList\Toolbar::setDefaultDirection() method:

For a detailed description see how is the «Sort By» control implemented on the frontend product lists.

Usage examples

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thank you.
i fixed.

If you will change a core file then it will break the possibility to update Magento, or your changes will be broken by a Magento update.