How to place a new tab after the standard tabs on the frontend product view?

You are right, the after and before atributes does not work in this case because of the bug: The \Magento\Framework\Data\Structure::getGroupChildNames() ignores the children ordering

But there is another solution: use a proper modules sequence:

<module name='Your_Module' setup_version='2.0.0'>
	<sequence>
		<module name='Magento_Review'/>
	</sequence>
</module>

Do not forget to execute setup:upgrade after changing the modules sequence