How does \Magento\ConfigurableProduct\Model\ResourceModel\Product\Type\Configurable::getChildrenIds() work?

Context: How does \Magento\ConfigurableProduct\Model\Product\Type\Configurable::getChildrenIds() work?

SELECT `l`.`product_id`, `l`.`parent_id`
FROM
		`catalog_product_super_link` AS `l`
	INNER JOIN
		`catalog_product_entity` AS `p` ON p.entity_id = l.parent_id
 	INNER JOIN
 		`catalog_product_entity` AS `e`
	ON
			e.entity_id = l.product_id
		AND
			e.required_options = 0
WHERE (p.entity_id IN ('128'))