How to get the parents (configurable) products for a child (simple) one?

Please note that a simple product could be a part of multiple configurable products at once.

Interface: \Magento\Catalog\Model\Product\Type\AbstractType::getParentIdsByChild()

Implementation: \Magento\ConfigurableProduct\Model\Product\Type\Configurable::getParentIdsByChild()

Details: How is \Magento\ConfigurableProduct\Model\ResourceModel\Product\Type\Configurable::getParentIdsByChild() implemented and used?

Usages

1. \Magent\CatalogInventory\Model\StockIndex::processParents()

2. \Magento\CatalogRuleConfigurable\Plugin\CatalogRule\Model\Rule\Validation::aroundValidate()