AngularJS template
It is rendered by the setup/view/magento/setup/component-grid.phtml AngularJS template.
AngularJS module
The component-grid.phtml template is called by the setup/pub/magento/setup/component-grid.js AngularJS module.
The module queries the components collection from the server part and assign the query result to the components
variable of the template:
https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/7e9d18/setup/pub/magento/setup/component-grid.js#L12-L13