Use the \Magento\Framework\DB\Adapter\AdapterInterface::showTableStatus() method:
\Magento\Framework\DB\Adapter\AdapterInterface::showTableStatus()
The default MySQL implementation is the \Magento\Framework\DB\Adapter\Pdo\Mysql::showTableStatus() method:
\Magento\Framework\DB\Adapter\Pdo\Mysql::showTableStatus()
See also: