How to setup an `auth.json` file for Composer?

Administration
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The Composer uses auth.json files to authenticate to private repositories.
The official Magento 2 repository (repo.magento.com) is private.
So, you definitely need to set up an auth.json file.

You can place the auth.json file in the Magento 2 root directory, but I recommend placing it in the COMPOSER_HOME directory for security reasons.
An auth.json file might look like this:

{
    "github-oauth": {
        "github.com": "<your GitHub key>"
    }
    ,"http-basic": {
        "repo.magento.com": {
          "username": "<your public Magento Connect key>",
          "password": "<your private Magento Connect key>"
        }
    }
}

The file above consists of the 2 sections:

Key Description
`github-oauth` You only need this section if you have installed Magento 2 from the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/magento/magento2). [How to get the key](http://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.0/install-gde/trouble/git/tshoot_rate-limit.html).
`http-basic` → `repo.magento.com` [How to set up credentials for the repo.magento.com](https://mage2.pro/t/topic/740). Use «**Public Key**» as `username` and «**Private Key**» as `password`.

If you do not need the github-oauth section, then an auth.json can look like this:

{
    "http-basic": {
        "repo.magento.com": {
          "username": "<your public Magento Connect key>",
          "password": "<your private Magento Connect key>"
        }
    }
}