Steps to reproduce the bug
Step 1
Open a configurable product in the Magento 2 backend:
Step 2
Open the «Related Products, Up-Sells, and Cross-Sells» section:
Step 3
Press the «Add Related Products» button:
Step 4
Select a product to be related and press the «Add Selected Products» button:
Step 5
The related product is shown in the «Related Products» section. Press the «Save» button:
Step 6 (BUG)
The saved product is become simple, not configurable