How to import customer passwords from a Magento 2 store to another one?

Magento 2 (and Magento 1.x, except the oldest versions) versions add a salt to a password

Here is how a hash is generated:

https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/8fd3e8/lib/internal/Magento/Framework/Encryption/Encryptor.php#L155-L162