How to change a template for a block which does not have a name, but has an alias?

Setting a child will remove another child with the same alias.
So you can add another block with the same alias to the same parent block, and the new block will replace the previous one with the same alias.

https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/8fd3e8/lib/internal/Magento/Framework/View/Element/AbstractBlock.php#L349-L366

https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/8fd3e8/lib/internal/Magento/Framework/View/Element/AbstractBlock.php#L356-L358


https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/8fd3e8/lib/internal/Magento/Framework/View/Element/AbstractBlock.php#L387-L401


https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/8fd3e8/lib/internal/Magento/Framework/View/Layout.php#L400-L412


https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/8fd3e8/lib/internal/Magento/Framework/Data/Structure.php#L322-L334

https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/8fd3e8/lib/internal/Magento/Framework/Data/Structure.php#L336-L350