How to get the checkout data on the frontend checkout page's client side (with JavaScript)?

Both the methods are identical, because the Method 1 internally uses the Method 2:

Method 1. Using the Magento_Checkout/js/checkout-data

checkoutData.getValidatedEmailValue()

Method 2. Using the Magento_Customer/js/customer-data

customerData.get('checkout-data')()

See also: