«bin/magento setup:di:compile» leads the PHP 7.1 interpreter to a «segment error»

Yes, I was able to reproduce the issue.
My analysis is here: How to workaround a «Segmentation failt» failure on bin/magento setup:di:compile?

Your Magento 2 installation is already in the developer mode, so I just followed the «Method 1» from the article above, and have successfully installed the Stripe extension.